Detects haemoglobin variants which occur when genetic changes in the globin genes cause alterations in the amino acids that make up the globin protein. These changes may affect the structure of the haemoglobin, its behaviour, its production rate, and/or its stability. The most common alpha-chain-related condition is not an abnormality alpha thalassaemia, Sickle cell disease is another haemoglobinopathy related to Haemoglobin S. There are many other variants. Some are silent – causing no signs or symptoms – while others affect the functionality and/or stability of the haemoglobin molecule.