Pre operation

More About Pre operation

Usually requesded screen prior to andergoing surgery.

Urea and Creatinine
Urea and Creatinine in blood or urine, test for normal kidney function; also utilised in monitoring treatment for kidney disease. They are a part of a basic metabolic panel.

Glucose
Blood glucose levels are also known as blood sugar.
Test is required if there are symptoms suggesting hyperglycaemia (high blood glucose) or hypoglycemia, or if you are diabetic. Also requested during pregnancy.

HIV 1&2
To determine if you are infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
When to Get Tested?
Three or four weeks after you think you may have been exposed to the virus; once a year if you are at risk of being exposed to the virus; when you doctor thinks your symptoms may be due to HIV; before becoming pregnant or during pregnancy.
Antibodies to HIV can be detected by a screening test called an ELISA. The ELISA method is very sensitive but because false positives can occur, requiring further testing. The antibody test is usually done in combination with a test called the p24 antigen test that detects the presence of the virus itself in blood or body fluids. If exposure to the risk of infection is recent, the p24 test becomes positive before the HIV antibody test. The test detects HIV antibodies produced by the body  usually within  3–4 weeks after exposure to the virus and in the blood of nearly all individuals after 3 months.
PCR testing is more sensitive but can give rise to false-positive results.

Full Blood count (FBC)
Full blood count determines general health status. It is used as a screen for a variety of disorders, such as anaemia and infection, inflammation nutritional status and exposure to toxic substances.

HBsAg
To detect, diagnose and follow the course of an infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) or to determine if the vaccine against hepatitis B has produced the desired level of immunity.

Prothrombin time (PT)
The Prothrombin time (PT) test, standardised as the INR test is most often used to check how well anti-coagulant or "blood-thinning" tablets such as warfarin and phenindione are working. Anti-coagulant tablets help prevent the formation of blood clots (they do not "thin the blood" as is popularly thought). This is particularly important in people with heart conditions such as atrial fibrillation or artificial valves, or people with a history of recurrent blood clots. The drug's effectiveness can be determined by how much it prolongs the PT (measured in seconds), or increases the INR (a standardised ratio of the patient's PT versus a normal sample). Because the way the body metabolises the drug varies among individuals as well as within the same person every day a repeat test has to be done approximately every 4 weeks to ensure that the dose of the drug is the correct one, for the condition treated.

aPTT
The aPTT test measures the length of time (in seconds) that it takes for clotting to occur when reagents are added to plasma (liquid portion of the blood) in a test tube and is used to check for potential bleeding abnormalities particularly in patients about to undergo surgical procedures.
The activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT or PTT) is a measure of the functionality of the intrinsic and common pathways of the coagulation cascade. The body uses the coagulation cascade to produce blood clots to seal off injuries to blood vessels and tissues, to prevent further blood loss, and to give the damaged areas time to heal. The cascade consists of a group of coagulation factors. These proteins are activated sequentially along either the extrinsic (tissue related) or intrinsic (blood vessel related) pathways. The branches of the pathway then come together into the common pathway, and complete their task with the formation of a stable blood clot. When a person starts bleeding, these three pathways have to work together.
Each component of the coagulation cascade must be functioning properly and be present in sufficient quantity for normal blood clot formation. If there is an inherited or acquired deficiency in one or more of the factors, or if the factors are functioning abnormally, then stable clot formation will be inhibited and excessive bleeding and/or clotting may occur.
The aPTT test measures the length of time (in seconds) that it takes for clotting to occur when reagents are added to plasma (liquid portion of the blood) in a test tube.

HCV
To screen for and diagnose a hepatitis C virus infection and to monitor treatment of the infection.

Electrolytes
Sodium (Na), Potassium (K), Magnesium (Mg) Calcium (Ca) and others are part of basic metabolic panel. Their imbalance may be related to metabolic disorders and creates a multitude of symptoms from tiredness and muscle weakness to potentially fatal cardiac arrhythmias in some patients.

HIV 1&2
To determine if you are infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
When to Get Tested?
Three or four weeks after you think you may have been exposed to the virus; once a year if you are at risk of being exposed to the virus; when you doctor thinks your symptoms may be due to HIV; before becoming pregnant or during pregnancy
Antibodies to HIV can be detected by a screening test called an ELISA. The ELISA method is very sensitive but because false positives can occur, requiring further testing. The antibody test is usually done in combination with a test called the p24 antigen test that detects the presence of the virus itself in blood or body fluids. If exposure to the risk of infection is recent, the p24 test becomes positive before the HIV antibody test. The  test detects HIV antibodies produced by the body  usually within  3–4 weeks after exposure to the virus and in the blood of nearly all individuals after 3 months.
PCR testing is more sensitive but can give rise to false-positive results.

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